Joint Pain

Joint pain is a very common problem, especially in older people. It is most commonly caused by arthritis or injury.

Joint Pain in the knee area
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Understanding Joint Pain

A common cause of joint pain is trauma to and injury of the surrounding joint structures, including ligaments, bursae, tendons and muscles. Joint pain may occur in one joint (unilateral), such as the knee or elbow, or unilaterally, such as in both ankles or wrists.

The knees are the joints most commonly afflicted by pain, although the pain in the knee is not always a joint problem, as the knee cartilage and kneecap can be easily damaged or injured.

When joint pain occurs in many joints or joints on both sides of the body, a systemic condition, such as rheumatoid arthritis or psoriatic arthritis, is more likely.

Examination and imaging will help diagnose if this is the case, and the next steps could include a specialist referral or referral for physiotherapy and advice on pain management.

Statistics​

people in the UK have Osteoarthritis
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people have knee Osteoarthritis
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people have hip Osteoarthritis
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people live with an MSK condition
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Single Joint Pain Causes

If the pain is affecting just one joint and is not due to injury (the knees are the most common joints to suffer injury), it could be caused by a number of conditions, including:

  • Osteoarthritis (which can affect one or many joints)
  • Inflammation (due to a recent injury, which can usually be managed with rest)
  • Gout (when the skin around the joint is hot and red, the pain pattern comes in attacks and most commonly starts in the big toe)
  • Damaged kneecap
  • Internal bleeding (due to injury, requires medical treatment)
  • Reactive arthritis
  • Psoriatic arthritis
  • Rheumatoid arthritis
  • Septic arthritis, haemophilia, and cancer (all rare causes of pain in the joint)

Causes of Many Joints Pain

Pain occurring in many joints around the body is most commonly due to:

  • Osteoarthritis
  • Rheumatoid arthritis (hands, feet, and wrists are most commonly affected)
  • Psoriatic arthritis
  • Viral infection (viral hepatitis, rubella)
  • Connective tissue disease (lupus, scleroderma, which also affects other organs of the body)

Signs & symptoms of arthritis

  • Pain and limited function of the joints
  • Joint stiffness, swelling, redness, and warmth
  • Tenderness of the inflamed joint

There are several forms of arthritis, and in the case of rheumatoid arthritis, this can have wider systemic symptoms, including:

  • Fever
  • Swelling of lymph nodes
  • Weight loss
  • Fatigue
  • Generally feeling unwell

What to do next

Getting to the bottom of the cause of your pain in the joint is the first step towards finding the right treatment and relief. Make an appointment to see one of our doctors, who can help you decide on the best course of action.

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Dr Mohammad Mohseyni

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Why is joint pain more common during menopause?
Increased joint pain during menopause is caused by hormonal imbalance and shifting levels of oestrogen and progesterone in the body. Oestrogen is thought to play a particularly important role in joint health.
The less common causes of unilateral joint pain (affecting both sides of the body) include rarer types of arthritis like ankylosing spondylitis, juvenile or reactive arthritis, Henoch-Schönlein purpura, cancer, steroid therapy, sarcoidosis, Behçet’s syndrome, hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy, or cancer.
The main factor at play in joint pain is increasing age, but weight, diet, hormone levels, and genetics are all potential risk factors. Nutrition is also important, as joint pain can be caused by vitamin D deficiency and low oestrogen levels.
Arthritis is inflammation of the joints, but is a very a broad category and can take over a hundred different forms. Arthritic diseases usually affect the joints (knees, elbows, wrists, fingers – anywhere in the body that two bones meet). Arthritis is often a long-term condition.

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