Some terrible news in the UK this week, with an outbreak of 13 cases of meningitis in Kent and the tragic death of two young people. Understandably, people are concerned and are looking for information. Our doctors have quickly got together to write a guide to support your understanding and awareness.
The most difficult part of spotting meningitis is that in the early stages, it can mimic flu / viral infections. Flu and viral infections are common this time of year, especially among students and adolescents, who socialise, live in close proximity and spend extended periods in each other’s company. This increases the risk of infection.
While meningitis is relatively rare, it can progress extremely quickly and become life-threatening within hours. Awareness of symptoms and rapid action are essential.
What is meningitis?
Meningitis is an infection that causes inflammation of the meninges, the protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or, more rarely, fungi or parasites.
The most serious form is bacterial meningitis, particularly meningococcal disease. This can also lead to septicaemia (blood poisoning) and can deteriorate rapidly if untreated.
Meningitis can affect anyone, but it is more common in babies, teenagers, and young adults, especially those living in close quarters such as university accommodation.
Why it matters for students
Outbreaks often occur among university students due to close living conditions, social contact, and shared environments. Early symptoms can resemble flu, leading to delayed medical attention.
Early symptoms
Initial symptoms can be mild and include:
- Fever
- Headache
- Feeling unwell
- Muscle aches
- Vomiting
- Cold hands and feet
- Limb pain
These can worsen rapidly.
Key warning signs
As meningitis progresses, symptoms can become more severe and noticeable. People may develop a persistent or severe headache accompanied by a high fever. Neck stiffness is another common symptom, often making it painful or difficult to bend the neck forward. Many individuals also experience sensitivity to light, as well as nausea and vomiting.
As the illness advances, neurological symptoms may appear. These can include confusion, unusual behaviour, increasing drowsiness, or difficulty staying awake. In some cases, seizures may occur.
A rash that does not fade under pressure can also develop. This can be checked using the “glass test”: press a clear glass against the rash. If the rash does not fade, urgent medical help should be sought immediately.
It is important to note that not everyone with meningitis develops a rash, so the absence of one does not rule out the condition.
How quickly can it progress & what to do
Meningitis can progress extremely quickly. Someone may feel only mildly unwell in the morning and become critically ill by the evening. Because of this rapid progression, meningitis must always be treated as a medical emergency.
If you suspect meningitis, urgent medical advice should be sought immediately. Call 999 if severe symptoms are present, such as a rash that does not fade under pressure, confusion, seizures, a severe headache accompanied by fever, or difficulty waking. If symptoms are concerning but not immediately severe, seek urgent medical help through a GP or A&E.
When speaking to a healthcare professional, it is important to clearly state that you are concerned about meningitis so that it can be assessed without delay.
Bacterial meningitis requires immediate hospital treatment with intravenous antibiotics, and early treatment significantly improves outcomes. Prompt medical care can also reduce the risk of serious complications.
In some cases, meningitis can lead to long-term complications, which may include hearing loss, brain damage, seizures, and, in difficult situations, limb loss. Early recognition and rapid treatment are the most important factors in reducing these risks.
Prevention
Vaccination is key. In the UK:
- MenB vaccine is given to babies
- MenACWY vaccine is offered to teenagers and students
- Good hygiene also helps:
- Avoid sharing drinks or utensils
- Cover coughs and sneezes
Close contacts of confirmed cases may be given antibiotics.
Meningitis is a serious but treatable condition if caught early. Knowing the signs, especially fever, headache, neck stiffness, light sensitivity, confusion, and a non-fading rash, can save lives. Let’s educate ourselves and each other and help prevent future serious cases.
If in doubt, seek medical help immediately. Our urgent GP service is available 5 days a week, with appointments available within hours.
