Coughs

Coughing is a reflex action that clears mucus, irritants and allergens (such as dust, smoke, or pollen) from your airways.

Coughing Young Man on Light Background
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Persistent cough with phlegm treatment

Your cough may be dry, with a tickling or itching sensation, and without any phlegm (thick mucus). Unlike a ‘dry cough’, a ‘chesty cough’ will present with phlegm in the lungs. Your cough may be due to an underlying condition (asthma, allergies, and environmental irritants are regular culprits of an ongoing or persistent cough). A cough is also a common symptom of the influenza virus, a chest infection, or the common cold.

Depending on the doctor’s assessment, you may be referred to a specialist for diagnosis. Tests that may be recommended include chest x-rays, phlegm analysis, allergy testing, and measurement of your lung capacity. A proper diagnosis will determine the mode of treatment. It is best to follow a doctor’s advice with regard to treatment rather than managing symptoms at home.

Statistics​

of UK adults experienced chronic cough during their lifetime
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of All Doctors in the UK are GPs
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GPs per 10000 people in the UK
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times on average, a person sees a GP a year
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Symptoms

There are symptoms that it is important to be aware of with regard to a cough – if you are coughing up blood, feel pain in your chest, or are noticing shortness of breath, we advise you to make an appointment to come and see us as soon as possible.

Other symptoms which are more unusual but which can indicate a serious underlying condition include;

  • sudden, unexplained weight loss
  • changes to your voice
  • swellings or lumps in your neck

Shorter-term coughs

Shorter-term coughs with milder symptoms can be caused by:

  • Upper respiratory infection (URI) affecting the throat, windpipe or sinuses, such as with cold, flu, whooping cough,
    laryngitis, or sinusitis
  • Lower respiratory infection (LRI) affecting the lungs or lower airways, such as with allergy, pneumonia, or acute
    bronchitis
  • Allergies or hay fever
  • Chronic conditions flaring up (asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic bronchitis)
  • Inhaled irritants like dust or smoke

Persistent coughs

Long-term or more persistent coughs can be caused by:

  • Long-term respiratory tract infection (chronic bronchitis)
  • Asthma
  • Allergies
  • Smoking
  • Bronchiectasis
  • Postnasal drip, where the cough is due to mucus dripping down the throat from the back of the nose, such as with rhinitis or sinusitis
  • Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD), where leaking stomach acid irritates the throat
  • Prescription medicines, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors), the blood pressure medication

In rare cases, persistent cough can be a symptom of more serious conditions like lung cancer, heart failure, pulmonary embolism, or tuberculosis.

What to do next

It is only in rare cases that a cough is caused by a serious condition, but we recommend that you come in to get it checked out and receive a proper diagnosis, particularly if it has gone on for a long time or if you experience chest pain or are coughing up blood.

Treatments

We work with experienced consultants & healthcare professionals who have received positive feedback from our patients, and with whom we have established long-term relationships.

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Dr Mohammad

Dr Mohammad Mohseyni

Senior General practitioner

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Should I take cough medicine?
If you have a chest infection, the best way to proceed is to see a doctor. Suppressing a cough with a cough medicine does not always help, and in some cases may make it harder to clear an infection.
It is important to be aware of signs of a more serious cough, such as a cough that does not go away after a couple of weeks, a severe cough, a cough that does not seem to be getting better, or a painful cough.
When you have acid reflux, liquids from the stomach rise into the oesophagus. If they rise high enough to reach the throat, this can irritate the throat lining and lead to a cough. You may have this kind of cough without noticing other stomach symptoms.

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