Gynaecology > Ovarian Cysts
Varies
Varies
60 minutes
Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs that can affect one or both ovaries at any one time. They are very common, most women will experience an ovarian cyst at some point in their life.
They often do not present with symptoms unless they rupture or are especially large, and typically clear up on their own. There are two main types of ovarian cyst, functional and pathological. Functional ovarian cysts are more common. They are short-lived, developing during the menstrual cycle from a follicle (egg sac) or corpus luteum, and usually harmless. Pathological cysts are less common and develop as a result of the abnormal growth of cells.
Both kinds of ovarian cysts are usually benign (non-cancerous), with a higher incidence of cancerous cysts occurring in post-menopausal women.
Symptoms
It is unusual for ovarian cysts to cause symptoms, but when they do they include pelvic pain (which is either severe, sharp, and sudden, or a dull and heavy sensation), pain during intercourse, constipation, increased urinary frequency, menstrual problems (heavy, light, or irregular periods), swollen abdomen with bloating, and in some cases, trouble conceiving.
Diagnosis of ovarian cysts is usually made with a transvaginal ultrasound scan, using a small probe. Any cysts identified may need to be monitored with repeat scans.
If there is any concern that your cyst may be cancerous, a blood test will also be taken. In many cases, the cysts will disappear on their own after a few months. If the cysts are especially large, causing significant symptoms, or potentially cancerous, they can be surgically removed.
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