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Abnormal Smear

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Gynaecological smear test and cytobrush in hands of gynaecologist.
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Importance Of Regular Smear Tests

Smear tests are performed to monitor any abnormal cell changes in the cervix and to detect any cells that show indications of cervical cancer before they can spread. Regular screening is essential to detect any issues early.

Roughly 6 out of every 100 smear tests show abnormal results, but these do not necessarily indicate cancer. In fact, fewer than 1 in 1,000 tests indicate invasive cancer.

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Abnormal Smear Results

An abnormal smear result indicates that the cells collected during the test did not appear normal. However, this does not necessarily mean you have cancer. There are various potential reasons for an abnormal result. For instance, inflammation or infection, such as HPV (Human Papillomavirus) or other types of inflammation, can cause changes in cervical cells.

Additionally, certain abnormal cells may signal the presence of precancerous changes, which, if left untreated, could develop into cancer over time. On the other hand, some observed changes may be benign and could return to normal on their own.

Types Of Abnormal Results

  • ASCUS (Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance): Cells appear abnormal, but it’s unclear if they are due to an infection or a more serious issue.
  • LSIL (Low-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion): Indicates mild changes in cervical cells, often associated with HPV infection.
  • HSIL (High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion): Signifies more significant changes that could be precancerous.
  • AGC (Atypical Glandular Cells): Cells from the glandular areas of the cervix show abnormalities, which may require further investigation.
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Serious doctor with arms crossed

Managing Abnormal Cervical Cells

Managing abnormal cervical cells involves several steps to address any potential issues. If you receive an abnormal smear result, your doctor will likely recommend further tests, such as a colposcopy or biopsy, to determine the cause.

Depending on the findings, options include regular monitoring with more frequent smear tests if the changes are not serious, or treatment if precancerous cells are detected. Treatments might involve procedures like cryotherapy, laser therapy, or cone biopsy to remove or destroy the abnormal cells.

Follow-up appointments are essential to ensure treatment effectiveness and monitor changes. Discussing all available options with your healthcare provider will help you choose the best approach for your situation.

Statistics​

of cervical cancer cases are preventable
0 %
women are affected by endometriosis
0 In 10
women are affected by PCOS
0 In 10
New cases of uterine cancer, 2016-2018, UK
0

Most Common Causes

Abnormal cervical cells on a Pap smear can result from various causes, with the most common being:

  • Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection: HPV is the most frequent cause of abnormal cervical cells. Certain high-risk strains of HPV can lead to precancerous changes in cervical cells.
  • Cervical Dysplasia: This term refers to changes in the cells on the cervix that might indicate precancerous conditions. These changes are often linked to HPV infections but can also occur due to other factors.
  • Inflammation: Chronic inflammation, often due to infections or other irritants, can cause changes in cervical cells that may appear abnormal.
  • Hormonal Changes: Variations in hormone levels, particularly those related to menopause or pregnancy, can sometimes affect cervical cells.
  • Smoking: Tobacco use is a known risk factor for cervical cell abnormalities and can contribute to changes in cervical cells.
  • Previous Treatment: Women who have had previous treatments for cervical abnormalities or other conditions might show changes in their Pap smear results.

How To Book A Private Doctor Appointment?

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The Procedure

preparing for appointment

Pre-Appointment

When preparing for your smear test appointment, it is advisable to schedule the visit during a non-menstruating period and aim for the middle of your menstrual cycle for the most accurate results. Avoid engaging in sexual activity, using tampons, douches, or vaginal medications for at least 48 hours before the test. Prior to your appointment, discuss any concerns with your healthcare provider to ensure all questions are addressed. On the day of the test, dress comfortably, and if you feel anxious, practising relaxation techniques can help ease your stress.

during the appointment

Appointment

The entire procedure typically takes only a few minutes. Although it might be slightly uncomfortable, it is generally not painful. It is important to communicate with your healthcare provider throughout the process if you experience any discomfort or have concerns. Regular smear tests are crucial for detecting cervical abnormalities early, which can significantly aid in the prevention of cervical cancer.

post appointment

Post-Appointment

Our medical team will contact you by phone as soon as the results are available to discuss them. During this conversation, we will agree on any necessary follow-up steps. After your discussion with the doctor, you will receive a detailed email with the results. If you have any questions or concerns, please feel free to let us know. Your well-being is our priority.

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If I have an abnormal smear test, will I need to have a biopsy?
The doctor will likely only recommend a biopsy if you have two or more abnormal PAP smears in a row, or if there any particular abnormalities are found during a routine check-up. This is to ensure that your cells are not pre-cancerous.
Who needs to have PAP smear testing?
All women who have been sexually active at any point in their lives should have regular pap smears.
What is the procedure for a PAP smear?
The process is quick and painless, although can cause some discomfort. You can always request to be seen by a female doctor or nurse. Your practitioner will gently insert a speculum into the vagina so that the cervix is visible. A swab of cells from the cervix is then taken using a cotton brush, wiped onto a glass slide, and sent for testing.

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