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It is natural and completely normal to have vaginal discharge, as the vagina is self-cleaning. Healthy vaginal discharge changes throughout your menstrual cycle. Typically, it is a clear or white, odourless discharge produced by the vagina to help prevent infection.
During ovulation, around the middle of your cycle (approximately day 14), it is common for the discharge to increase in thickness and consistency for a few days.
However, if you notice strong odours, changes in colour, or if the discharge is accompanied by itching, discomfort, or pain, we are here to help you determine the cause and manage the condition.
Vaginal discharge serves several important functions in the female reproductive system. It helps to cleanse the vagina by flushing out dead cells and bacteria, which maintains a healthy environment and reduces the risk of infections.
It also provides lubrication, easing friction and preventing dryness during activities like intercourse. Discharge also has antimicrobial properties that protect against infections by balancing pH levels and supporting beneficial bacteria.
Its consistency varies throughout the menstrual cycle, serving as an indicator of fertility, particularly around ovulation. Changes in discharge can also signal hormonal fluctuations, which can be useful for diagnosing health conditions or tracking menstrual cycles.
Abnormal vaginal discharge can be a sign of an underlying issue. There are several indicators that your discharge may be abnormal. Changes in colour, such as green, yellow, grey, or a red or brown hue, can suggest an infection or other medical conditions.
Additionally, changes in texture may also signal a problem; for instance, thick, clumpy, or cottage cheese-like discharge could indicate a yeast infection, while watery or frothy discharge might be a symptom of bacterial vaginosis or trichomoniasis.
A strong, unpleasant odour, particularly if it resembles fish, is another warning sign and may point to bacterial vaginosis or other infections. If abnormal discharge is accompanied by symptoms like itching, burning, pain during intercourse, or unusual bleeding, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional.
Several factors can contribute to abnormal vaginal discharge. Infections are a common cause, including yeast infections, bacterial vaginosis, and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) such as Chlamydia or Gonorrhoea, which can lead to changes in the nature of the discharge.
Hormonal changes are another factor; fluctuations due to pregnancy, contraception, or menopause can alter the characteristics of the discharge. Medical conditions like diabetes or disorders affecting the immune system may also impact vaginal discharge.
Cervical or vaginal cancer might lead to abnormal discharge that could be blood-stained or have an unusual odour. On the other hand, Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) can result in a yellow or green discharge, typically accompanied by pain and fever too.
Maintaining good vaginal health involves:
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Keep track of your discharge, noting its colour, consistency, odour, and any associated symptoms such as itching, burning, or pain. Record when the symptoms started and whether they have changed over time. Be prepared to provide information about your medical history, including any recent illnesses, medications you’re taking, and your sexual history. If you have had any previous gynaecological issues, mention those as well. To avoid interfering with the exam, refrain from douching or using vaginal products like creams or suppositories for 24 to 48 hours before your appointment.
You will start by discussing your symptoms and medical history with your healthcare provider, who will ask detailed questions. A pelvic exam is likely, including an external examination of the genitalia and a speculum exam to view the cervix and vaginal walls. This allows the doctor to check for signs of infection or abnormalities and to take samples of the discharge for testing. Depending on the findings, additional tests such as a Pap smear or ultrasound may be suggested.
Your doctor will discuss the findings with you. If samples were taken, you might need to wait a few days or weeks for the results, depending on the type of tests performed. Based on the diagnosis, your doctor will suggest a treatment plan, which could include medication, lifestyle changes, or further testing if needed. You may also need a follow-up appointment to review your test results and assess how you’re responding to any treatment.
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