Dermatology > Acne
Immediate
30 - 60 mins
Acne is a common skin condition involving spots, nodules, cysts and oily skin on the face, back and chest.
Over 80% of adult acne conditions appear in women, and it is thought that the majority of cases are caused by hormonal changes. For women, these happen regularly just before their period, during a pregnancy, or with hormonal conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
Possible causes of acne are medications (lithium and some anti-epileptic drugs), smoking, cosmetic products (although this cause is rare), and regularly wearing a piece of clothing or accessory on the same area of the skin (a sweatband, bandana, or backpack).
Acne is caused by blockages in the hair follicles, which occur when your sebaceous glands produce too much sebum and form a plug, which mixes with dead skin cells and leads to spots. When the bacteria naturally living on the skin contaminate the follicle, you will see the more painful or severe forms of acne, such as papules, pustules, nodules or cysts.
The claims that acne is caused by poor diet, lack of hygiene, sexual activity, or that it is contagious, are not supported by research. Excessive washing of your face (more than twice a day), or washing with excessively cold or hot water could actually aggravate symptoms.
Squeezing spots or blackheads can make them worse or cause scarring. The diagnosis of acne follows a doctor’s examination of the skin affected, and an evaluation of the different types of spots that are appearing. The main types of spots caused by acne are blackheads, whiteheads, papules, pustules, nodules, and cysts. Cysts are the most severe form of acne and can cause scarring.
Acne can have a significant impact on an individual’s quality of life, including their self-esteem and mental health. Therefore, effective treatment and management are important not only for physical skin health but also for psychological well-being.
Acne is graded to measure its severity, from 1 to 4. There are several options available for treatment which can help manage symptoms.
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