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Genital herpes, caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV), is a chronic infection of the genitals characterised by painful blisters that appear on and around the genital area.
These blisters are preceded by sensations of itching, tingling, and burning. It is increasingly common in the UK and is estimated that around 1 in 10 people in the UK have genital herpes.
Like most viruses, the HSV virus remains dormant for most of the time. Outbreaks of the virus occur more frequently in the first year or two after contracting it, with 4 – 5 outbreaks per year initially, before the virus becomes less active and the outbreaks become less frequent and less severe.
Outbreaks typically last up to 20 days, progressing through the cycle of sore development and suppuration, which eventually scab over and heal. They usually do not leave scars. Due to the lack of initial symptoms, as many as 8 out of 10 people are unaware that they carry the virus.
Diagnosing genital herpes usually begins with a physical examination conducted by a healthcare provider, who inspects the affected area for any visible sores or blisters. Following this initial assessment, laboratory tests may be ordered to confirm the diagnosis.
These tests commonly include PCR (polymerase chain reaction) tests, which detect the genetic material of HSV, viral culture of any present sores to isolate and identify the virus, or blood tests that detect antibodies specific to HSV. These diagnostic measures are crucial in accurately identifying genital herpes and guiding appropriate treatment strategies.
Barrier methods do not work to prevent this condition, as sores can appear around the genital area, including the anus, thighs, or buttocks. The best way to avoid transmitting the infection is to refrain from engaging in sexual contact during outbreaks.
Treatment with the antiviral acyclovir is available in tablet form for initial outbreaks but these do not eliminate the virus entirely. They can, however, manage the severity of outbreaks and reduce the frequency of future ones.
Genital herpes poses significant risks during pregnancy, therefore it is important to know that:
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When scheduling your appointment, ask about any necessary preparations. Compile a list of current symptoms, medications, and allergies, and prepare questions for your doctor. Avoid urinating an hour before if a urinary pregnancy test is required, and remember to stay hydrated before your appointment for effective testing and exams.
It is important to note that testing for genital herpes is more accurate when done during an active outbreak with visible symptoms. However, blood tests can also detect antibodies and provide information about past infections, even if there are no current symptoms. Therefore, you should expect a physical exam and a blood sample to be taken during your appointment.
Depending on the type of tests conducted, your results may vary and could take a few working days to become available. Once they are ready, your healthcare provider will contact you to discuss the results and the next steps forward.
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