Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): Diagnosis, Research & Management
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder that affects individuals with ovaries, often during their reproductive years. Characterized
Gynaecology > High Risk Pregnancy
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A high-risk pregnancy refers to a pregnancy in which there is an increased chance of complications for either the mother, the baby, or both.
Having a high-risk pregnancy does not necessarily mean that complications will develop. However, such pregnancies require closer monitoring by healthcare providers to manage potential complications if they arise and to ensure the best possible outcomes for both mother and baby.
Several factors contribute to the classification of a pregnancy as high-risk. Maternal age plays a significant role, with women under 17 or over 35 years old facing higher risks. Additionally, pre-existing medical conditions such as diabetes, high blood pressure, or heart disease can complicate pregnancy.
Previous pregnancy complications such as miscarriages, preterm births, or caesarean deliveries also increase the risk level. Carrying multiple gestations, such as twins or triplets, poses another risk factor. Health risks that may develop during pregnancy, such as gestational diabetes, pre-eclampsia, or infections, further contribute to the complexity.
Lifestyle choices, including smoking, alcohol consumption, or drug use during pregnancy, can also elevate risk. Genetic factors such as genetic conditions or chromosomal abnormalities and environmental factors like exposure to harmful substances or conditions round out the range of considerations in identifying a high-risk pregnancy
During pregnancy, various issues can arise independently of pre-existing medical conditions, leading to complications such as premature labour (birth before 37 weeks), multiple births (carrying more than one baby), placenta praevia (where the placenta covers the cervix), or fetal structural and developmental problems.
Additionally, pregnancy-related syndromes may develop, with pre-eclampsia and gestational diabetes being the most common. Pre-eclampsia poses risks for both the mother and baby and is characterised by high blood pressure, protein in urine, and swelling due to fluid retention. Gestational diabetes, on the other hand, is diabetes that occurs during pregnancy.
Every year, approximately 130,000 births in the UK are impacted by the most prevalent gestational disorders: preterm birth, hypertension or pre-eclampsia, and intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (a liver disorder that occurs during pregnancy).
Globally, this number escalates to 20 million when considered on a worldwide scale. Therefore, close monitoring during your pregnancy is key! In cases of both gestational diabetes and pre-eclampsia, it is entirely possible to have a healthy pregnancy with the help of an obstetrician. Our team is here to ensure that you have as safe and healthy a pregnancy as possible.
Symptoms associated with the two most frequently diagnosed high-risk gestational conditions are:
Gestational Diabetes:
Pre-Eclampsia:
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Be prepared to discuss your complete medical history, including any previous pregnancies, medical conditions, surgeries, and medications. If you have noticed any concerning symptoms (such as unusual pain, bleeding, or changes in fetal movement), keep a journal to discuss with your doctor. Write down any questions or concerns you have beforehand, so you do not forget to ask during the appointment.
Your doctor will likely monitor your vital signs, weight, and possibly conduct tests like blood pressure, urine tests, and fetal monitoring. You may have an ultrasound to check on the baby’s growth and development, as well as the placenta and amniotic fluid levels. Depending on your condition, your doctor may order specific blood tests to monitor for conditions like gestational diabetes, pre-eclampsia, or infections. A thorough physical examination may be conducted to check for any signs of complications.
Based on the findings during the appointment, your doctor will develop or adjust a care plan tailored to your specific needs. You may be prescribed medications or treatments to manage any identified conditions or symptoms. Your doctor will outline a schedule for follow-up appointments and monitoring to ensure close observation of your pregnancy.
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