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Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder that affects individuals with ovaries, often during their reproductive years. Characterized
Gynaecology > Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
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Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) is a common reproductive health issue, especially among sexually active women of reproductive age.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), it is estimated that more than 1 million women in the United States experience an episode of PID each year, and it affects around 220,000 women in the UK annually.
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Pelvic Inflammatory Disease is an infection that affects the female reproductive system, including the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. It occurs when bacteria from the vagina or cervix migrate upwards into these organs, causing inflammation.
If left untreated, PID can lead to serious complications such as chronic pelvic pain, infertility, and an increased risk of ectopic pregnancy. Therefore, early detection and prompt treatment are crucial to mitigate these potential consequences and preserve reproductive health.
Pelvic inflammatory disease is a bacterial infection that originates in the vagina and spreads upwards into the reproductive system. In some cases, the bacteria are sexually transmitted and may be associated with Chlamydia or Gonorrhoea, but in the majority of cases, it is caused by bacteria that naturally inhabit the vagina.
PID presents with a variety of symptoms that can vary between individuals. These may include pelvic pain or tenderness, abnormal vaginal discharge with an unusual odour, painful urination, irregular menstrual bleeding, discomfort during intercourse, and in severe cases, fever and chills.
Importantly, some people with PID may not experience any symptoms, underscoring the critical importance of regular gynaecological check-ups for early detection and treatment.
PID can be diagnosed through a combination of medical history review, pelvic examination, and sometimes imaging tests such as ultrasound or MRI. Laboratory tests may also be carried out to identify the specific bacteria causing the infection.
Early diagnosis and treatment of PID are essential to prevent complications. Treatment usually consists of antibiotics to eliminate the infection. In severe cases, hospitalisation and intravenous antibiotics may be required.
Preventing Pelvic Inflammatory Disease involves:
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Your healthcare provider will ask about your medical history, including any symptoms you may be experiencing such as pelvic pain, abnormal vaginal discharge, fever, or pain during intercourse. Wear comfortable clothes on the day of your appointment.
A physical exam checks for PID signs like abdominal and pelvic tenderness or abnormal vaginal discharge. Testing for STIs like Chlamydia or Gonorrhoea is crucial, involving urine, cervical swab, or blood tests. A pregnancy test rules out pregnancy, given PID and pregnancy symptoms overlap. Other tests assess infection or inflammation, including white blood cell count or CRP level. Imaging like ultrasound or pelvic MRI may detect infection signs or complications like abscesses.
After the screening and tests, your healthcare provider will review the results with you. If PID is diagnosed, treatment typically involves antibiotics to address the underlying infection. It is crucial to follow your healthcare provider’s recommendations and to notify sexual partners if an STI is detected.
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